During a go-around, what is a critical process following the application of full power?

Following the application of full power during a go-around, retracting the flaps to the recommended setting is critical for several reasons. When a go-around is initiated, the aircraft must be configured optimally for climb performance. By retracting the flaps, the pilot reduces drag, which allows the aircraft to gain altitude and speed more effectively. Each aircraft has specific flap settings that optimize its performance during different phases of flight; thus, following the manufacturer's guidelines ensures that the aircraft can safely and efficiently transition from a low-speed, high-drag configuration to a climb.

In contrast, reducing altitude immediately would counteract the purpose of the go-around, which is to climb away from the runway. Extending flaps to maximum after initiating a go-around could increase drag, compromising climb performance. Turning the aircraft towards the runway might not align with safe procedures for conducting a go-around, as a straight climb or a turn away from the approach path is typically preferred until a safe altitude is achieved.