What does IFR stand for, and what does it entail?

IFR stands for Instrument Flight Rules, which are regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally poorer than the basic Visual Flight Rules (VFR). This means flying in conditions where visibility is limited and pilots must rely on instruments for navigation and control of the aircraft.

Under IFR, pilots must adhere to specific regulations concerning flight operations, equipment requirements, and communication with air traffic control. These rules allow for safe navigation in clouds, fog, and other low-visibility conditions, enabling the pilot to maintain situational awareness solely through instruments such as altimeters, gyroscopes, and navigational aids.

The mention of "navigation under instrument conditions" highlights the crucial aspect of IFR: the reliance on flight instruments for safe operation in poor weather conditions, rather than visual references. This is essential for maintaining safe distance from terrain and other aircraft, ensuring a structured and orderly flow of air traffic.